shadertoy-shaders/path_march v4/image.frag

//////// ================================
//////// SETTINGS
//////// ================================
//////// Check the Common tab for settings.

//////// ================================
//////// DOCS: Declarations & documentation
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// Retrieve a frame from Buffer A and then apply postprocessing.
void mainImage(out vec4 fragColor, in vec2 fragCoord);

/// Given a color which clips outside the color space (some channel is >1.0),
/// reduce the brightness (without affecting hue or saturation) until it no
/// longer clips. (The default behavior without doing this is just clipping,
/// which affects the saturation of the color dramatically, often turning colors
/// into 100% white pixels.)
vec3 correct_saturation(vec3 color);

/// Round to the nearest color in DITHER_COLORS.
vec4 nearest_color(vec4 color);

/// The length of the edge of the Bayer matrix used for dithering.
const uint DITHER_SIZE = uint(1)<<uint(DITHER_BASE);

/// Apply ordered dithering, which reduces color banding and produces the appearance
/// of more colors when in a limited color space (e.g. when making a GIF*).
vec4 dither(uvec2 coord, vec4 color);

/// Directly index into a DITHER_SIZE^2 Bayer Matrix, returning a number from -0.5 to 0.5.
float bayer(uvec2 coord);

/// The width in bits of a single coordinate into the Bayer matrix
/// for bitwise operations (log2(DITHER_SIZE) i.e. just DITHER_BASE).
const uint BIT_WIDTH = uint(DITHER_BASE);

/// Bitwise reverse the lower BIT_WIDTH bits of the integer.
/// e.g. with bit width 5, 11010 --> 01011.
uint bit_reverse(uint x);

/// Bitwise interleave two integers of length BIT_WIDTH into a single
/// 2*BIT_WIDTH integer.
///
/// example interleave:
/// 
///      x = 0 1 0 0 1
///      y =  1 0 0 1 1
///         ----------
///      r = 0110000111
uint bit_interleave(uint x, uint y);

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//////// IMPL: Implementation
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void mainImage(out vec4 fragColor, in vec2 fragCoord) {
    vec2 uv = fragCoord/iResolution.xy;
    vec4 color = texture(iChannel0, uv);
    
    // NOTE: it is possible for this renderer to emit colors brighter than 1.0,
    // for example if you use very bright or many light sources. These colors will be
    // displayed incorrectly, appearing desaturated and having their brightness
    // clamped to whatever color output is supported.
    //
    // This is common in particular if you have very bright lights in a scene,
    // which is sometimes necessary for objects to be clearly visible. The result
    // will be you seeing flashes of over-bright white pixels where you should
    // see color. One way to mitigate this is by increasing the number of samples per
    // pixel; the average brightness per pixel is generally less than 1.0 when averaged
    // out with the (more common) black pixels when no light source is encountered.
    //
    // Another mitigation approach is to do color correction, where instead of
    // trying to preserve the brightness by clamping the RGB values and losing saturation,
    // you try to preserve the saturation by scaling down the brightness until the
    // full saturation of the colors is visible (or at least part of it).
    
    #if SATURATION_CORRECTION == 1
    color.rgb = correct_saturation(color.rgb);
    #else
    // The default behavior if you don't do anything.
    //color = clamp(vec4(0.), color, vec4(1.));
    #endif
    
    color.rgb = linear2srgb(color.rgb);
    
    #if ENABLE_DITHER == 1
    // Dithering after sRGB conversion is slightly worse because the bayer matrix
    // is linear whereas sRGB is non-linear, but if you do it *before* conversion,
    // then adjusted colors won't be *quite* close enough to nearest_color that they
    // should be closest to, which creates horrible artifacts after calling
    // `nearest_color` (and is just slightly wrong in general).
    uvec2 coord = uvec2(fragCoord); // for dithering
    color = dither(coord, color);
    #endif
    
    #if DITHER_NEAREST == 1
    color = nearest_color(color);
    #endif
    
    fragColor = color;
}

vec3 correct_saturation(vec3 color) {
    // TODO: I'm sure there's a way to do this directly without having to
    // convert between color spaces twice. This was just more convenient in the moment.
    
    // Convert to HSV so we can correct value (brightness) without affecting
    // hue or saturation.
    color.xyz = rgb2hsv(color.rgb);
    color.z = min(color.z, 1.);
    color.rgb = hsv2rgb(color.xyz);
    return color;
}

//////// --------------------------------
//////// DITHER: Ordered dithering
//////// --------------------------------
//////// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_dithering

vec4 nearest_color(vec4 color) {
    return floor(color * float(DITHER_COLORS)) / float(DITHER_COLORS);
}

vec4 dither(uvec2 coord, vec4 color) {
    if (DITHER_SIZE < uint(2)) return color;
    coord %= DITHER_SIZE;
    vec4 bias = vec4(
        bayer(coord),
        bayer(uvec2(uint(DITHER_SIZE) - coord.x - uint(1), coord.y)),
        bayer(uvec2(coord.x, uint(DITHER_SIZE) - coord.y - uint(1))),
        bayer(uvec2(uint(DITHER_SIZE) - coord.x - uint(1), uint(DITHER_SIZE) - coord.y - uint(1)))
    );
    return color + (bias / float(DITHER_COLORS));
}

float bayer(uvec2 coord) {
    // Magic bitwise formula from Wikipedia produces values from 0 to (DITHER_SIZE^2)-1.
    uint magic = bit_reverse(bit_interleave(coord.x ^ coord.y, coord.x));
    // Convert to normalized float from -0.5 to 0.5.
    return float(magic+uint(1)) / (float(DITHER_SIZE)*float(DITHER_SIZE)) - 0.5;
}

uint bit_reverse(uint x) {
    uint hi = uint(1 << BIT_WIDTH-uint(1));
    uint lo = uint(1);
    for (uint i = uint(0); i < BIT_WIDTH/uint(2); i++) {
        uint bit_hi = x & hi;
        uint bit_lo = x & lo;
        x &= ~hi & ~lo;
        if (bit_hi > uint(0)) x |= lo;
        if (bit_lo > uint(0)) x |= hi;
        hi >>= 1;
        lo >>= 1;
    }
    return x;
}

uint bit_interleave(uint x, uint y) {
    uint mask = uint(1) << BIT_WIDTH-uint(1);
    uint acc = uint(0);
    for (uint i = uint(0); i < BIT_WIDTH; i++) {
        acc |= (x & mask) << uint(2)*i + uint(1);
        acc |= (y & mask) << uint(2)*i;
        mask >>= 1;
    }
    return acc;
}