pass-lang/src/lang.c

#include "ir.h"
#include "lang.h"

#include <assert.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_CONTEXT 32
#define MAX_ASSIGNMENTS 256
#define MAX_ARGUMENTS 256
#define MAX_OPERATORS 256

struct assignment {
    char* name;
    var ref;
};

enum block_state {
    BLOCK_CLEAN,
    BLOCK_ASSIGN,
    BLOCK_EXPR,
};

struct block_crumb {
    enum block_state state;
    uint32_t assignment_count;
    struct assignment assignments[MAX_ASSIGNMENTS];
    var final;
};

enum if_state {
    IF_COND,
    IF_THEN,
    IF_ELSE,
    IF_END,
};

struct if_crumb {
    enum if_state state;
    label then;
    label else_;
    label end;
};

enum loop_state {
    LOOP_CLEAN,
    LOOP_CVAR_INIT,
    LOOP_BODY,
};

struct loop_crumb {
    enum loop_state state;
    char* label_name;
    label next;
    label exit;
    uint32_t assignment_count;
    var initializers[MAX_ASSIGNMENTS];
    struct assignment assignments[MAX_ASSIGNMENTS];
};

struct expr_crumb {
    uint32_t argument_count;
    uint32_t operator_count;
    var arguments[MAX_ARGUMENTS];
    enum operator_ operators[MAX_OPERATORS];
};

struct jump_crumb {
    label label;
    uint32_t arity;
    uint32_t argument_count;
    var arguments[MAX_ARGUMENTS];
};

enum crumb_type {
    BLOCK_CRUMB,
    IF_CRUMB,
    LOOP_CRUMB,
    EXPR_CRUMB,
    JUMP_CRUMB,
};

union crumb_data {
    struct block_crumb block;
    struct if_crumb if_;
    struct loop_crumb loop;
    struct expr_crumb expr;
    struct jump_crumb jump;
};

struct crumb {
    enum crumb_type type;
    union crumb_data data;
};

static uint32_t context_depth = 1;
static struct crumb context[MAX_CONTEXT];

static char* copy_str(char* str) {
    unsigned long len = strlen(str);
    char* new = malloc(len * sizeof(char) + 1);
    memcpy(new, str, len);
    new[len] = 0;
    return new;
}

static void push(struct crumb crumb) {
    context[context_depth] = crumb;
    context_depth++;
}

static void push_new_block(void) {
    union crumb_data data;
    struct block_crumb block = {
        .state = BLOCK_CLEAN,
        .assignment_count = 0,
        .final = (var) -1,
    };
    data.block = block;
    struct crumb crumb = {
        .type = BLOCK_CRUMB,
        .data = data,
    };
    push(crumb);
}

static void push_new_expr(void) {
    struct expr_crumb exprc = {
        .argument_count = 0,
        .operator_count = 0,
    };
    union crumb_data data;
    data.expr = exprc;
    struct crumb crumb = {
        .type = EXPR_CRUMB,
        .data = data,
    };
    push(crumb);
}

struct label_and_arity {
    label label;
    uint32_t arity;
};

static void push_new_jump(struct label_and_arity label) {
    union crumb_data data;
    data.jump.label = label.label;
    data.jump.arity = label.arity;
    data.jump.argument_count = 0;
    struct crumb crumb = {
        .type = JUMP_CRUMB,
        .data = data,
    };
    push(crumb);
}

static void push_argument(var ref) {
    struct crumb* ctx = &context[context_depth - 1];
    assert(ctx->type == EXPR_CRUMB);
    struct expr_crumb* exprc = &ctx->data.expr;
    if (exprc->argument_count > MAX_ARGUMENTS) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: exceeded maximum number of arguments in expression\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    exprc->arguments[exprc->argument_count] = ref;
    exprc->argument_count++;
}

static void push_cvar_name(char* name) {
    struct crumb* ctx = &context[context_depth - 1];
    assert(ctx->type == LOOP_CRUMB);
    struct loop_crumb* loopc = &ctx->data.loop;
    if (loopc->assignment_count == MAX_ASSIGNMENTS) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: exceed maximum number of assignments in loop cvars\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    loopc->assignments[loopc->assignment_count].name = copy_str(name);
}

static void push_cvar(var ref) {
    struct crumb* ctx = &context[context_depth - 1];
    assert(ctx->type == LOOP_CRUMB);
    struct loop_crumb* loopc = &ctx->data.loop;
    if (loopc->assignment_count > MAX_ASSIGNMENTS) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: exceed maximum number of assignments in loop cvars\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    loopc->initializers[loopc->assignment_count] = ref;
    loopc->assignment_count++;
}

static var lookup_assignment(
    uint32_t assignment_count,
    struct assignment* assignments,
    char* name
) {
    for (uint32_t i = assignment_count; i > 0; i--) {
        struct assignment asgn = assignments[i - 1];
        if (strcmp(asgn.name, name) == 0) {
            return asgn.ref;
        }
    }
    return (var) -1;
}

static var lookup_var(char* name) {
    for (uint32_t i = context_depth; i > 0; i--) {
        struct crumb ctx = context[i - 1];
        var ref = (var) -1;
        switch (ctx.type) {
            case LOOP_CRUMB:
                if (ctx.data.loop.state != LOOP_BODY) {
                    break;
                }
                ref = lookup_assignment(
                    ctx.data.loop.assignment_count,
                    ctx.data.loop.assignments,
                    name
                );
                break;
            case BLOCK_CRUMB:
                ref = lookup_assignment(
                    ctx.data.block.assignment_count,
                    ctx.data.block.assignments,
                    name
                );
                break;
            default:
                continue;
        }
        if (ref != (var) -1) {
            return ref;
        }
    }
    fprintf(stderr, "name resolution error: unknown variable %s\n", name);
    exit(1);
}

enum label_type {
    NEXT_LABEL,
    EXIT_LABEL,
    RETURN_LABEL,
};

static const char* label_type_name(enum label_type type) {
    switch (type) {
        case NEXT_LABEL:
            return "next";
        case EXIT_LABEL:
            return "exit";
        case RETURN_LABEL:
            return "return";
    }
}

static struct label_and_arity lookup_label(enum label_type type, char* name) {
    for (uint32_t i = context_depth; i > 0; i--) {
        struct crumb ctx = context[i - 1];
        switch (ctx.type) {
            case LOOP_CRUMB:
                if (name == NULL || strcmp(name, ctx.data.loop.label_name) == 0) {
                    struct label_and_arity label;
                    if (type == NEXT_LABEL) {
                        label.label = ctx.data.loop.next;
                        label.arity = ctx.data.loop.assignment_count;
                        return label;
                    }
                    if (type == EXIT_LABEL) {
                        label.label = ctx.data.loop.exit;
                        label.arity = 1;
                        return label;
                    }
                }
                break;
            default:
                continue;
        }
    }
    if (name == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "name resolution error: no %s label in scope\n", label_type_name(type));
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "name resolution error: unknown label %s\n", name);
    }
    exit(1);
}

static void reduce_expression_binop(struct expr_crumb* exprc, var (*emit)(var arg1, var arg2)) {
    assert(exprc->argument_count >= 2);
    var arg1 = exprc->arguments[0];
    var arg2 = exprc->arguments[1];
    exprc->arguments[0] = emit(arg1, arg2);
    memmove(&exprc->arguments[1], &exprc->arguments[2], exprc->argument_count - 2);
    exprc->argument_count--;
}

static var reduce_expression(struct expr_crumb* exprc) {
    // TODO FIXME: operator precedence
    if (exprc->operator_count > 0 || exprc->argument_count > 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "warning: expression reduction may be incorrect\n");
        //exit(1);
    }
    for (uint32_t op_ix = 0; op_ix < exprc->operator_count; op_ix++) {
        switch (exprc->operators[op_ix]) {
        case OP_ADD:
            reduce_expression_binop(exprc, add);
            break;
        case OP_SUB:
            reduce_expression_binop(exprc, sub);
            break;
        default:
            fprintf(stderr, "error: operator not implemented: %i", exprc->operators[op_ix]);
            exit(1);
        }
    }
    exprc->operator_count = 0;
    assert(exprc->argument_count == 1);
    return exprc->arguments[0];
}

void enter_block(void) {
    printf("** enter_block\n");
    struct crumb* ctx = &context[context_depth - 1];
    switch (ctx->type) {
        case BLOCK_CRUMB:
            // we should have seen a stmt_assign or stmt_expr first,
            // either of which pushes an expr crumb.
            assert(0);
        case EXPR_CRUMB: {
            // this block is purely a scope/sequencing thing
            // with no special semantics
            break;
        }
        case IF_CRUMB: {
            struct if_crumb ifc = ctx->data.if_;
            switch (ifc.state) {
                case IF_COND:
                case IF_END:
                    assert(0);
                case IF_THEN:
                    define(ifc.then, NULL);
                    break;
                case IF_ELSE:
                    define(ifc.else_, NULL);
                    break;
            }
            break;
        }
        case LOOP_CRUMB: {
            struct loop_crumb* loopc = &ctx->data.loop;
            assert(loopc->state == LOOP_CLEAN);
            loopc->state = LOOP_BODY;
            loopc->next = declare(loopc->assignment_count);
            printf("LOOP %i END %i\n", loopc->next, loopc->exit);
            var args[MAX_ASSIGNMENTS];
            define(loopc->next, args);
            // TODO NOTE: is this the correct order?
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < loopc->assignment_count; i++) {
                loopc->assignments[i].ref = args[i];
            }
            break;
        }
        default:
            assert(0);
    }
    push_new_block();
}

void stmt_assign(char* name) {
    printf("** stmt_assign\n");
    struct crumb* ctx = &context[context_depth - 1];
    assert(ctx->type == BLOCK_CRUMB);
    struct block_crumb* blockc = &ctx->data.block;
    assert(blockc->state == BLOCK_CLEAN);
    if (blockc->assignment_count == MAX_ASSIGNMENTS) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: exceeded maximum number of assignments in block\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    blockc->state = BLOCK_ASSIGN;
    blockc->assignments[blockc->assignment_count].name = copy_str(name);
    push_new_expr();
}

void stmt_expr(void) {
    printf("** stmt_expr\n");
    struct crumb* ctx = &context[context_depth - 1];
    assert(ctx->type == BLOCK_CRUMB);
    struct block_crumb* blockc = &ctx->data.block;
    assert(blockc->state == BLOCK_CLEAN);
    blockc->state = BLOCK_EXPR;
    push_new_expr();
}

void exit_block(void) {
    printf("** exit_block\n");
    struct crumb* ctx = &context[context_depth - 1];
    assert(ctx->type == BLOCK_CRUMB);
    struct block_crumb blockc = ctx->data.block;
    assert(blockc.state == BLOCK_CLEAN);
    var ret = blockc.final;
    if (ret == (var) -1) {
        // TODO: better way to handle empty blocks
        ret = lit(0);
    }
    context_depth--;
    ctx = &context[context_depth - 1];
    switch (ctx->type) {
        case EXPR_CRUMB: {
            push_argument(ret);
            break;
        }
        case IF_CRUMB: {
            struct if_crumb* ifc = &ctx->data.if_;
            assert(ifc->state == IF_THEN || ifc->state == IF_ELSE);
            jump(ifc->end, &ret);
            if (ifc->state == IF_THEN) {
                ifc->state = IF_ELSE;
            } else if (ifc->state == IF_ELSE) {
                ifc->state = IF_END;
            }
            break;
        }
        case LOOP_CRUMB: {
            // unlike with `if`, there is no `exit_loop`, so we do clean-up here.
            struct loop_crumb loopc = ctx->data.loop;
            assert(loopc.state == LOOP_BODY);
            jump(loopc.exit, &ret);
            context_depth--;
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < loopc.assignment_count; i++) {
                free(loopc.assignments[i].name);
            }
            leave(&ret);
            push_argument(ret);
            break;
        }
        default:
            assert(0);
    }
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < blockc.assignment_count; i++) {
        free(blockc.assignments[i].name);
    }
}

void exit_expr(void) {
    printf("** exit_expr\n");
    struct crumb* ctx = &context[context_depth - 1];
    assert(ctx->type == EXPR_CRUMB);
    struct expr_crumb* exprc = &ctx->data.expr;
    assert(exprc->argument_count > 0);
    var ret = reduce_expression(exprc);
    context_depth--;
    ctx = &context[context_depth - 1];
    switch (ctx->type) {
        case BLOCK_CRUMB: {
            struct block_crumb* blockc = &ctx->data.block;
            blockc->final = ret;
            switch (blockc->state) {
                case BLOCK_CLEAN:
                    assert(0);
                case BLOCK_EXPR:
                    blockc->state = BLOCK_CLEAN;
                    break;
                case BLOCK_ASSIGN:
                    blockc->assignments[blockc->assignment_count].ref = ret;
                    blockc->assignment_count++;
                    blockc->state = BLOCK_CLEAN;
                    break;
            }
            break;
        }
        case IF_CRUMB: {
            struct if_crumb* ifc = &ctx->data.if_;
            assert(ifc->state == IF_COND);
            jump_unless(ifc->else_, ret, NULL);
            //jump(ifc->then_, NULL);
            ifc->state = IF_THEN;
            break;
        }
        case EXPR_CRUMB:
            push_argument(ret);
            break;
        case LOOP_CRUMB: {
            struct loop_crumb* loopc = &ctx->data.loop;
            assert(loopc->state == LOOP_CVAR_INIT);
            push_cvar(ret);
            loopc->state = LOOP_CLEAN;
            break;
        }
        case JUMP_CRUMB: {
            // TODO FIXME: this is *completely wrong* for `next`!
            struct jump_crumb jumpc = ctx->data.jump;
            fprintf(stderr, "args: %i, arity: %i\n", jumpc.argument_count, jumpc.arity);
            assert(jumpc.argument_count + 1 == jumpc.arity);
            jumpc.arguments[jumpc.argument_count] = ret;
            jump(jumpc.label, jumpc.arguments);
            // TODO: better way to handle returning impossible value
            context_depth--;
            push_argument(ret);
            break;
        }
    }
}

void enter_if(void) {
    printf("** enter_if\n");
    enter();
    label then = declare(0);
    label else_ = declare(0);
    label end = declare_exit(1);
    printf("IF THEN %i ELSE %i EXIT %i\n", then, else_, end);
    struct if_crumb ifc = {
        .state = IF_COND,
        .then = then,
        .else_ = else_,
        .end = end,
    };
    union crumb_data data;
    data.if_ = ifc;
    struct crumb ctx = {
        .type = IF_CRUMB,
        .data = data,
    };
    push(ctx);
    push_new_expr();
}

void exit_if(void) {
    printf("** exit_if\n");
    struct crumb ctx = context[context_depth - 1];
    assert(ctx.type == IF_CRUMB);
    struct if_crumb ifc = ctx.data.if_;
    switch (ifc.state) {
        case IF_COND:
        case IF_THEN:
            assert(0);
        case IF_ELSE: {
            define(ifc.else_, NULL);
            var ret = lit(0);
            jump(ifc.end, &ret);
            break;
        }
        case IF_END:
            break;
    }
    var ret;
    leave(&ret);
    context_depth--;
    push_argument(ret);
}

void enter_loop(char* label_name) {
    printf("** enter_loop\n");
    enter();
    label exit = declare_exit(1);
    struct loop_crumb loopc = {
        .state = LOOP_CLEAN,
        .label_name = copy_str(label_name),
        .assignment_count = 0,
        .exit = exit
    };
    union crumb_data data;
    data.loop = loopc;
    struct crumb ctx = {
        .type = LOOP_CRUMB,
        .data = data,
    };
    push(ctx);
}

void cvar_pass(char* name) {
    printf("** cvar_pass\n");
    push_cvar_name(name);
    push_cvar(lookup_var(name));
}

void cvar_init(char* name) {
    printf("** cvar_init\n");
    struct crumb* ctx = &context[context_depth - 1];
    assert(ctx->type == LOOP_CRUMB);
    struct loop_crumb* loopc = &ctx->data.loop;
    loopc->state = LOOP_CVAR_INIT;
    push_cvar_name(name);
    push_new_expr();
}

void expr_next(char* label) {
    printf("** expr_next\n");
    push_new_jump(lookup_label(NEXT_LABEL, label));
    push_new_expr();
}

void expr_exit(char* label) {
    printf("** expr_exit\n");
    push_new_jump(lookup_label(EXIT_LABEL, label));
    push_new_expr();
}

void expr_return(void) {
    printf("** expr_return\n");
    push_new_jump(lookup_label(RETURN_LABEL, NULL));
    push_new_expr();
}

void enter_group(void) {
    printf("** enter_group\n");
    push_new_expr();
}

void exit_group(void) {
    printf("** exit_group\n");
    // exit_expr is sufficient
}

void expr_op(enum operator_ op) {
    printf("** expr_op %i\n", op);
    struct crumb* ctx = &context[context_depth - 1];
    assert(ctx->type == EXPR_CRUMB);
    struct expr_crumb* exprc = &ctx->data.expr;
    if (op == OP_JUXT && context_depth > 1) {
        // HACK: should handle continuations separately from expressions
        struct crumb* ctx2 = &context[context_depth - 2];
        if (ctx2->type == JUMP_CRUMB) {
            struct jump_crumb* jumpc = &ctx2->data.jump;
            var ret = reduce_expression(exprc);
            assert(jumpc->argument_count < MAX_ARGUMENTS);
            jumpc->arguments[jumpc->argument_count] = ret;
            jumpc->argument_count++;
            context_depth--;
            push_new_expr();
            return;
        }
    }
    if (exprc->operator_count > MAX_OPERATORS) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: exceeded maximum number of operators in expression\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    exprc->operators[exprc->operator_count] = op;
    exprc->operator_count++;
}

void expr_string(char* string) {
    printf("** expr_string %s\n", string);
    push_argument(lit_string(string));
}

void expr_integer(int64_t num) {
    printf("** expr_integer %lli\n", num);
    push_argument(lit((uint64_t) num));
}

void expr_var(char* var) {
    printf("** expr_var %s\n", var);
    push_argument(lookup_var(var));
}